Despite the historically close relations that have enabled Canada and the United States to benefit from their trade integration, recent disruptions to world trade have challenged the foundations of this so-called protective interdependence. Since 2020, a number of research projects conducted at CIRANO have highlighted the structural vulnerabilities generated by this interdependence: saturation of logistics infrastructures, asymmetric exposure to shocks, overdependence on a single partner. All these factors call for a rethinking of our economic strategies and a reassessment of our investment priorities. These long-identified vulnerabilities now require concrete, targeted and coordinated responses.