Rural Canada has faced significant demographic challenges, particularly related to population decline and aging. Immigration presents an opportunity to renew rural populations and revitalize economic and social activities. However, the settlement of immigrants in rural communities and small towns raises important questions about immigrant integration. Understanding the socioeconomic consequences of migration flows outside metropolitan areas is therefore important for the sociodemographic and economic development of rural Canada.

Using Canadian census data, this research analyzes the new demographic and socioeconomic dynamics generated by immigrants’ residential mobility to rural regions and small towns. 

Three main findings emerge from their analyses:

1. The labour market conditions but also the proximity to healthcare facilities and public transport networks contribute to attracting immigrants.
2. Migration to non-metropolitan areas is driven by higher anticipated incomes. For some less-skilled immigrants, this movement is motivated by push factors, namely, challenges faced in metropolitan labour market. For others, particularly skilled workers, pull factors such as the better utilization of their skills in non-metropolitan areas are more influential.
3. Immigrant settlement in non-metropolitan areas reduces income inequality and poverty.

This study provides robust empirical evidence that can inform public decision-making and help formulate strategic recommendations.